Anisotropic materials play a critical role in today’s manufacturing processes and other applications. Their unique ability to retain their shape under extreme thermal conditions has made these materials a valuable resource used across multiple industries.
However, little is understood as to how they accomplished this marvel. Thankfully, a team of researchers from the Queen Mary University of London may have revealed this mystery. Here’s what you need to know.
Anisotropic Materials
Anisotropic materials have special mechanical properties that make them ideal for use in extreme scenarios. For one, their tensile strength and stiffness vary depending on the direction you examine. The ability to apply heat to a substance and not have it fluctuate in undesired ways is crucial. Perfect examples of anisotropic materials include crystals, certain composites, and wood.
These items are stronger depending on how and where pressure is applied to them. For example, it’s easier to cut into the grain on a log rather than against it. In more advanced antiseptic materials, like Pyrex, distortion due to extreme thermal heat can be controlled, making them ideal for large-scale usage.
Cordierite
Cordierite is a silicate mineral with anisotropic properties. It is commonly used due to its resistance to warping under heat. Cordierite’s crystal structure allows it to retain its shape under conditions that would leave other minerals warped.
Source – Matter – Anisotropic Materials
Today, Cordierite is used in everyday items like catalytic converters. It’s also popular in the manufacturing sector, where it’s used in high-temperature industrial processes. As such, it was selected as the best material to study.
Anisotropic Materials Study
A study published in Matter sheds light on the mysteries surrounding Anisotropic Materials and how they can hold up where other materials fail. The researchers used a combination of computer simulations and testing to see exactly what happens to Cordierite on the molecular level during high and low heat applications.
The paper uses lattice and molecular dynamics simulations with transferable force fields to accurately describe how Cordierite operates. Interestingly, it reveals that the material has low positive expansion along two perpendicular axes. Additionally, there‘s a negative expansion that occurs on the third axis.
Negative Thermal Expansion (NTE)
Negative thermal expansion was an unexpected discovery. Until this research, the scientific community believed there wasn’t much movement across the axis of these materials. The testing revealed that there is a movement that gets offset by another axis.
Atomic Structure
The atomic structure of cordierite was tracked and measured under varying thermal conditions. This data was then used to create a computer model of the transferable force field, enabling researchers to take their experimentation to new levels. For the first time, anomalous thermal expansion in cordierite can be mapped by computer simulations.
Lower Temperatures
The study showed that these materials behave differently in lower temperatures versus higher ones. The lower temperatures resulted in lower-frequency vibrations, leading to more NTE. Interestingly, the NTE occurred across all 3axess in low-temperature citations.
Higher Temperatures
Higher temperature application resulted in higher-frequency vibrations. During this stage, the researchers saw expansion across two axes and NTE across another one.
Anisotropic Materials Test
The computer simulations of lattice and molecular dynamics helped to ensure accuracy. The results showed that across all three axes the material experienced effects that fall in line with Grüneisen parameters, further confirming the engineer’s data. The Grüneisen parameters are scientific laws used to determine a material state during thermodynamic pressure changes.
Anisotropic Materials Test Results
The study’s test results explain the unique interaction between atomic vibrations and elasticity and how these forces balance out in Anisotropic materials. The balancing acts to cancel out distortion due to thermodynamic pressure.
Anisotropic Materials Study Benefits
The main benefits of this data include lowering research and development costs on new materials. Using computer simulations, scientists can now create high-performance materials that were previously not possible. This research has the potential to upend the market.
Anisotropic Materials Study Use Cases
There are several use cases for high-performance Anisotropic material. For one, these next-generation options will be able to be tailored to meet specific thermal behaviors. This capability will allow engineers to create more use case-specific materials in the future.
Automotive Industry
There‘s already a demand for Anisotropic material in the automotive industry. In the future, these materials will make your engine run smoother and cleaner. For example, you can expect to see this research put into creating high-performance components like lightweight composite headers.
Aerospace Engineering
Developing heat-resistant materials for aircraft and spacecraft is one of the most important parts of the aeronautical industry. Composite materials that enable the raft to travel faster and through dense air like the atmosphere enable man to reach new heights. The introduction of lighter and more capable anisotropic material will enable engineers to create more efficient and safer craft.
Electronics
Another crucial way that anisotropic materials developed using this new method will benefit the market is through improved electronics. Heat is one of the main reasons why electronic devices malfunction. Reducing the heat created and in contact with critical components will allow longer operation times and better performance.
Anisotropic Materials Study Researchers
The anisotropic materials study was led by Professor Martin Dove of the Condensed Matter and Materials department of Queen Mary University of London. The study was the first to provide definitive proof as to why anisotropic materials are thermodynamically protected. Now, the team seeks to investigate other silicates to uncover new materials to power tomorrow’s high-performance requirements.
Companies that Can Benefit from Anisotropic Materials Study
Several companies are positioned to maximize this study to improve their ROIs. These firms work in the material science area or related industries such as aerodynamics, industrial manufacturing, electronics, and more.
The Hexcel Corporation (HXL -0.7%) entered the market in 1984 as a composite and high-performance material manufacturer and research firm. The company saw immediate success securing multiple government and commercial contracts spanning across aerodynamics, wind turbine tech, defense, and industrial sectors. Today, Hexcel Corporation is considered an industry leader with a proven track record.
Hexcel Corporation (HXL -0.7%)
Hexcel Corporation is based out of Connecticut. Currently, it’s a part of the S&P 400 MidCap Index and is seen by many analysts as a strong buy with an “A” ranking. Integrating the research found in the anisotropic materials study could help Hexel improve its composites even further, adding to its overall value.
Anisotropic Materials – The Unsung Hero of Industry
The research conducted on why anisotropic materials operate is sure to have an impact on the industrial sector moving forward. The data derived from this study and the simulations created will help to lower research and development costs across the board. As such, you have to hand it to this team to pull back the veil on anisotropic material thermodynamic behavior.
Learn about the latest Material Science Breakthroughs here.
